Competition, Income Distribution, and the Middle Class: An Experimental Study

We study the effect of competition on income distribution by means of a two-stage experiment. Heterogenous endowments are earned in a contest, being followed by a surplus-sharing task. The experimental test confirms our initial hypothesis that the existence of a middle class is as effective as institutional hurdles in limiting the power of the less able in order to protect the more able players from being expropriated. Furthermore, majoritarian voting with a middle class involves less bargaining impasse than granting veto rights to the more able players and, therefore, is more efficient.